Muhammad is Allah's messenger and the spoils of war belong to both Allah and him.

The assertion that the spoils of war belong to both Allah and Muhammad raises significant theological concerns. In Islam, Allah is the ultimate authority, yet the way the spoils are described suggests a partnership that diminishes Allah's sovereignty. The Quranic verses cited imply that the distribution of spoils is at Muhammad's discretion, which raises questions about the nature of divine authority and the role of a prophet. Furthermore, the claim that Muhammad was granted unique privileges regarding war booty, not afforded to previous prophets, suggests an exceptionalism that contradicts the notion of a singular divine will. This leads to the conclusion that the supposed partnership in spoils is more about Muhammad's personal gain than a true representation of divine justice and authority.