Muslims might argue that early Jewish writings do not support the concept of a plurality within the divine essence, which contradicts Christian beliefs about the Trinity.

The Apocalypse of Abraham, a Jewish pseudepigraphal work, illustrates a rich theological understanding of God that incorporates both unity and plurality. In the text, God speaks to Abraham and identifies Himself as the 'Mighty God' and 'Creator,' which suggests a singular divine authority. However, the presence of the angel Yahoel, who acts on God's behalf, indicates a distinct divine figure that operates alongside God, hinting at a complex divine relationship. This complexity is not foreign to early Jewish thought, as various sects recognized a multi-faceted understanding of God that could include distinct divine roles without compromising monotheism. Furthermore, the notion of divine plurality is not a late Christian invention but has roots in Jewish theology. The existence of intermediary figures like angels in Jewish texts demonstrates an acknowledgment of divine agents who serve God's purposes, which can be seen as a precursor to the Christian understanding of the Trinity. Thus, the early Jewish writings do not present a monolithic view of God that strictly adheres to unitarianism but rather embrace a more nuanced perspective that allows for divine plurality. In conclusion, the argument that early Jewish texts reject the concept of plurality within the divine essence fails to recognize the complexity of Jewish thought during and after the time of Christ. The Apocalypse of Abraham serves as a testament to this complexity, supporting the Christian interpretation of God as a Trinity while maintaining the essential unity of His nature.