Allah was the presiding deity of Mecca and the kabah was his shrine.

The article discusses the identity of the pre-Islamic Allah worshiped in Mecca, arguing that the chief god was Hubal, particularly among Muhammad’s Quraysh tribe. It presents evidence that the pagans viewed Hubal as the lord of the kabah, which contradicts the Muslim assertion that Allah was the primary deity of Mecca. The author points out that polytheistic practices typically involved a single male deity being worshiped in a shrine, and since there is no precedent for two male deities sharing a shrine, it follows that if Allah and Hubal were distinct deities, they could not both be the chief god of Mecca. The conclusion drawn is that the pagans likely identified Hubal as Allah, which aligns with Islamic literature associating both names with the Meccan shrine. Furthermore, the article cites Philip K. Hitti, who supports the notion that Allah was indeed the tribal deity of the Quraysh, reinforcing the argument that Hubal and Allah were one and the same in pre-Islamic belief.