Muslims believe that the concept of the Holy Spirit as a divine person is not supported by the Old Testament.

The Old Testament, particularly in the book of Zechariah, introduces the Holy Spirit as a distinct and divine person. The Hebrew term 'ruach' is used over 380 times, and in several instances, it clearly refers to the Holy Spirit, demonstrating His active role in the lives of the faithful. For example, Zechariah 4:6 and 12:10 highlight the Spirit's involvement in guiding and empowering God's people, suggesting a personal and relational aspect rather than an impersonal force. Moreover, the Old Testament attributes divine characteristics to the Holy Spirit, such as omniscience, omnipresence, and the ability to create. Passages like Genesis 1:2 and Job 33:4 affirm the Spirit's role in creation, while Isaiah 63:10 illustrates that the Spirit can be grieved, a trait unique to persons. This evidence counters the claim that Old Testament figures did not recognize the Holy Spirit as a person, as the Spirit exhibits traits of personality, including emotions, wisdom, and the ability to instruct. Additionally, the Holy Spirit's role in inspiring scripture is evident in passages like 2 Samuel 23:2, where David acknowledges the Spirit's influence in his prophetic utterances. This further establishes the Spirit's active participation in God's revelation to humanity, reinforcing the understanding of the Holy Spirit as a divine person within the Old Testament framework.