Muslims believe that the New Testament does not clearly state that Jesus is God.

In Romans 9:5, the Apostle Paul refers to Jesus Christ as 'the One being over all, God blessed forever.' This phrase can be interpreted to affirm the divinity of Christ, as it directly associates Him with the title of God. Some scholars argue that this verse distinguishes between Christ and God the Father; however, the grammatical structure supports the interpretation that Paul is identifying Jesus as God. The phrase 'who is over all' aligns with the understanding of Christ's supreme authority over creation, reinforcing His divine nature. Moreover, the context of Romans 1:3-4, where Paul contrasts Jesus' human ancestry with His divine sonship, further supports the claim that Romans 9:5 is also making a similar contrast. Just as Paul emphasizes Jesus' humanity while simultaneously affirming His divinity in Romans 1, he does the same in Romans 9:5. This duality is crucial to understanding the nature of Christ as both fully human and fully divine. Therefore, the interpretation that Jesus is called God in Romans 9:5 is not only grammatically sound but also contextually consistent with Paul's overall teaching about Christ’s nature. This understanding is essential for grasping the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, where Jesus is recognized as God incarnate, fulfilling the prophecies and promises made to Israel.