Paul misunderstood the Hebrew Bible by claiming that God's promise to Abraham's seed referred to one specific person instead of all of Abraham's descendants.

In Galatians 3:16, Paul cites Genesis 22:18, where the term 'zera' is used, which is singular in Hebrew. This singular form can refer to a specific descendant or a collective singular. The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, also uses the singular form 'spermati', reinforcing the idea that the promise was directed towards a specific line. Furthermore, the context of God's promise to Abraham in Genesis 12:1-3 indicates that all nations would be blessed through Abraham, but specifically through his line, which is clarified in Genesis 22:18. Although Abraham had multiple sons, the blessing was explicitly promised through Isaac, demonstrating that the singular interpretation is consistent with the overall biblical narrative.